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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Previous studies have suggested the involvement of viral and bacterial components in the initiation and progression of feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), but the...
Previous studies have suggested the involvement of viral and bacterial components in the initiation and progression of feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), but the role of fungi remains entirely unknown. This pilot study aimed to investigate the bacteriome and mycobiome in feline oral health and disease. Physical exams, including oral health assessment, of privately owned, clinically healthy (CH) cats ( = 14) and cats affected by FCGS ( = 14) were performed. Using a sterile swab, oral tissue surfaces of CH and FCGS cats were sampled and submitted for 16S rRNA and ITS-2 next-generation DNA sequencing. A high number of fungal species ( = 186) was detected, with , , , and sp. being significantly enriched in FCGS samples, and in CH samples. The bacteriome was significantly distinct between groups, and significant inter-kingdom interactions were documented. was identified as a potential biomarker of a healthy feline oral microbiome. These data suggest that fungi might play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of FCGS, and that oral health should not simply be regarded as the absence of microbial infections. Instead, it may be viewed as the biological interactions between bacterial and fungal populations that coexist to preserve a complex equilibrium in the microenvironment of the mouth. Additional investigations are needed to improve our understanding of the feline oral ecosystem and the potential interactions between viruses, bacteria, and fungi in FCGS.
PubMed: 34358054
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070904 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Sep 2000We studied the comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773, a new ketolide, against 268 aerobic and 148 anaerobic recent isolates from clinical bites using an agar... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We studied the comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773, a new ketolide, against 268 aerobic and 148 anaerobic recent isolates from clinical bites using an agar dilution method and inocula of 10(4) CFU/spot for aerobes and 10(5) CFU for anaerobes. The following are the MIC ranges and MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(90)s) of ABT-773 for various isolates, respectively: Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella septica, 0.125 to 2 and 1 microg/ml; other Pasteurella species, 0.125 to 1 and 0.5 microg/ml; Corynebacterium spp., 0.015 to 0.06 and 0.015 microg/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.03 to 0.06 and 0.06 microg/ml; coagulase-negative staphylococci, 0.015 to >32 and 32 microg/ml; streptococci, 0.015 to 0.03 and 0.03 microg/ml; Eikenella corrodens, 0.25 to 1 and 1 microg/ml; and Bergeyella zoohelcum, 0.03 to 0.25 and 0.06 microg/ml. For anaerobes the MIC ranges and MIC(90)s of ABT-773 were as follows, respectively: Prevotella heparinolytica, 0. 06 to 0.125 and 0.125 microg/ml; Prevotella spp., 0.015 to 0.125 and 0.06 microg/ml; Porphyromonas spp., 0.015 to 0.03 and 0.015 microg/ml; Fusobacterium nucleatum, 0.5 to 8 and 8 microg/ml; other Fusobacterium spp., 0.015 to 8 and 0.5 microg/ml; Bacteroides tectum, 0.015 to 0.5 and 0.06 microg/ml; and Peptostreptococcus spp., 0.015 to 0.25 and 0.03 microg/ml. ABT-773 was more active than all macrolides tested against S. aureus, E. corrodens, and anaerobes, but all compounds were poorly active against F. nucleatum. The activity of ABT-773 was within 1 dilution of that of azithromycin against Pasteurella spp., and ABT-773 was four- to eightfold more active than clarithromycin against Pasteurella spp. ABT-773 may offer a therapeutic alternative for bite wound infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bites and Stings; Erythromycin; Humans; Ketolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 10952607
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.44.9.2525-2529.2000 -
Medical Principles and Practice :... 2012To describe the misidentification of Brucella melitensis as Bergeyella zoohelcum by MicroScan WalkAway®, a commonly used bacterial identification system.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the misidentification of Brucella melitensis as Bergeyella zoohelcum by MicroScan WalkAway®, a commonly used bacterial identification system.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION
A 35-year-old man was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with sepsis syndrome. Three sets of aerobic blood culture samples were positive after 48 h of incubation. The isolated organism was identified as B. zoohelcum using the MicroScan WalkAway (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., West Sacramento, Calif., USA). However, due to the rareness of the pathogen, the isolate was reidentified as B. melitensis with Vitek® 2 system and later 16S ribosomal sequence analysis confirmed the isolate as B. melitensis having 100% match.
CONCLUSION
This case showed that Brucella can be misidentified using MicroScan WalkAway. Countries where brucellosis is endemic need to be careful while using such automated identification systems in order not to miss the diagnosis of Brucella.
Topics: Adult; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Male; United Arab Emirates
PubMed: 22614245
DOI: 10.1159/000338391 -
PloS One 2014Periodontal disease (PD) is a significant problem in dogs affecting between 44% and 63.6% of the population. The main etiological agent for PD is plaque, a microbial...
Periodontal disease (PD) is a significant problem in dogs affecting between 44% and 63.6% of the population. The main etiological agent for PD is plaque, a microbial biofilm that colonizes teeth and causes inflammation of the gingiva. Understanding how this biofilm initiates on the tooth surface is of central importance in developing interventions against PD. Although the stages of plaque development on human teeth have been well characterized little is known about how canine plaque develops. Recent studies of the canine oral microbiome have revealed distinct differences between the canine and human oral environments and the bacterial communities they support, particularly with respect to healthy plaque. These differences mean knowledge about the nature of plaque formation in humans may not be directly translatable to dogs. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial species important in the early stages of canine plaque formation in vivo and then use isolates of these species in a laboratory biofilm model to develop an understanding of the sequential processes which take place during the initial colonization of enamel. Supra-gingival plaque samples were collected from 12 dogs at 24 and 48 hour time points following a full mouth descale and polish. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA identified 134 operational taxonomic units after statistical analysis. The species with the highest relative abundance were Bergeyella zoohelcum, Neisseria shayeganii and a Moraxella species. Streptococcal species, which tend to dominate early human plaque biofilms, had very low relative abundance. In vitro testing of biofilm formation identified five primary colonizer species, three of which belonged to the genus Neisseria. Using these pioneer bacteria as a starting point, viable two and three species communities were developed. Combining in vivo and in vitro data has led us to construct novel models of how the early canine plaque biofilm develops.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Animals; Biofilms; Cuspid; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Dogs; Humans; Moraxella; Neisseria; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 25463050
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113744 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2020The white leg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is of importance to the eastern Pacific fisheries and aquaculture industry but suffer from diseases such as the recently...
The white leg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is of importance to the eastern Pacific fisheries and aquaculture industry but suffer from diseases such as the recently emerged early mortality syndrome. Many bacterial pathogens have been identified but the L. vannamei microbiota is still poorly known. Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, this work evaluated the impact of the inclusion in the diet of mannan oligosaccharide, (MOS, 0.5% w/w), over the L. vannamei microbiota and production behavior of L. vannamei under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. The MOS supplementation lasted for 60 days, after which the shrimp in the ponds were harvested, and the production data were collected. MOS improved productivity outcomes by increasing shrimp survival by 30%. NGS revealed quantitative differences in the shrimp microbiota between MOS and control conditions. In the treatment with inclusion of dietary MOS, the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (28%); while the control group was dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (30%). MOS has also been linked to an increased prevalence of Lactococcus- and Verrucomicrobiaceae-like bacteria. Furthermore, under the treatment of MOS, the prevalence of potential opportunistic pathogens, like Vibrio, Aeromonas, Bergeyella and Shewanella, was negligible. This may be attributable to MOS blocking the adhesion of pathogens to the surfaces of the host tissues. Together, these findings point to the fact that the performance (survival) improvements of the dietary MOS may be linked to the impact on the microbiota, since bacterial lines with pathogenic potential towards shrimps were excluded in the gut.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Aeromonas; Animal Feed; Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Adhesion; Ecuador; Flavobacteriaceae; Lactococcus; Longevity; Mannans; Microbiota; Oligosaccharides; Penaeidae; Proteobacteria; Seafood; Shewanella; Verrucomicrobia; Vibrio
PubMed: 32066764
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59587-y -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Mar 2012Misidentification of Brucella species from clinical specimens using commercial bacterial identification systems is a recurring problem. An isolate from a bacterimic...
Misidentification of Brucella species from clinical specimens using commercial bacterial identification systems is a recurring problem. An isolate from a bacterimic patient was identified as Bergeyella zoohelcum by MicroScan Walk-Away (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) and as Brucella melitensis by Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux Inc., Durham, NC, USA). Because of this identification ambiguity by the two automated bacterial identification systems we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and serotyping of the isolate and confirmed it as a Brucella spp. Combining the sequence data with the Vitek 2 system data we conclude that the infection was caused by B. melitensis.
Topics: Adult; Automation; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; DNA, Bacterial; Diagnostic Errors; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Genes, rRNA; Humans; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serotyping
PubMed: 22421611
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2252 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Mar 2002BMS-284756, a new des-fluoro(6) quinolone, was very active against 240 aerobic and 180 anaerobic isolates from bite victims. It inhibited 403 of 420 (96%) isolates,...
In vitro activities of the des-fluoro(6) Quinolone BMS-284756 against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue animal and human bite wound infections.
BMS-284756, a new des-fluoro(6) quinolone, was very active against 240 aerobic and 180 anaerobic isolates from bite victims. It inhibited 403 of 420 (96%) isolates, including those of Moraxella spp., CDC group EF-4, and Eikenella corrodens at < or = 2 microg/ml and those of all Pasteurella spp. and Bergeyella zoohelcum at < or = 0.015 microg/ml. Fusobacterium russii and 6 of 11 Fusobacterium nucleatum isolates of animal bite origin were resistant, but isolates of human bite origin were susceptible, which suggests that they were of a different subspecies.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bites and Stings; Cats; Dogs; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Indoles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quinolones; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 11850275
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.3.866-870.2002 -
Veterinary Microbiology Dec 2015Periodontal disease is the most widespread oral disease in dogs. Whilst the involvement of bacteria in the aetiology of periodontitis is well established the role of...
Periodontal disease is the most widespread oral disease in dogs. Whilst the involvement of bacteria in the aetiology of periodontitis is well established the role of individual species and their complex interactions with the host is not well understood. The objective of this research was therefore to perform a longitudinal study in dogs to identify the changes that occur in subgingival bacterial communities during the transition from mild gingivitis to the early stages of periodontitis (<25% attachment loss). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from individual teeth of 52 miniature schnauzer dogs every six weeks for up to 60 weeks. The microbial composition of plaque samples was determined using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA. A group of aerobic Gram negative species, including Bergeyella zoohelcum COT-186, Moraxella sp. COT-017, Pasteurellaceae sp. COT-080, and Neisseria shayeganii COT-090 decreased in proportion as teeth progressed to mild periodontitis. In contrast, there was less evidence that increases in the proportion of individual species were associated with the onset of periodontitis, although a number of species (particularly members of the Firmicutes) became more abundant as gingivitis severity increased. There were small increases in Shannon diversity, suggesting that plaque community membership remains relatively stable but that bacterial proportions change during progression into periodontitis. This is the first study to demonstrate the temporal dynamics of the canine oral microbiota; it showed that periodontitis results from a microbial succession predominantly characterised by a reduction of previously abundant, health associated taxa.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Firmicutes; Gingivitis; Longitudinal Studies; Microbiota; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 26507828
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.003 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2003Due to the inadequate automation in the amplification and sequencing procedures, the use of 16S rRNA gene sequence-based methods in clinical microbiology laboratories is...
Usefulness of the MicroSeq 500 16S ribosomal DNA-based bacterial identification system for identification of clinically significant bacterial isolates with ambiguous biochemical profiles.
Due to the inadequate automation in the amplification and sequencing procedures, the use of 16S rRNA gene sequence-based methods in clinical microbiology laboratories is largely limited to identification of strains that are difficult to identify by phenotypic methods. In this study, using conventional full-sequence 16S rRNA gene sequencing as the "gold standard," we evaluated the usefulness of the MicroSeq 500 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based bacterial identification system, which involves amplification and sequencing of the first 527-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA genes of bacterial strains and analysis of the sequences using the database of the system, for identification of clinically significant bacterial isolates with ambiguous biochemical profiles. Among 37 clinically significant bacterial strains that showed ambiguous biochemical profiles, representing 37 nonduplicating aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative, anaerobic, and Mycobacterium species, the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA-based bacterial identification system was successful in identifying 30 (81.1%) of them. Five (13.5%) isolates were misidentified at the genus level (Granulicatella adiacens was misidentified as Abiotrophia defectiva, Helcococcus kunzii was misidentified as Clostridium hastiforme, Olsenella uli was misidentified as Atopobium rimae, Leptotrichia buccalis was misidentified as Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Bergeyella zoohelcum was misidentified as Rimerella anatipestifer), and two (5.4%) were misidentified at the species level (Actinomyces odontolyticus was misidentified as Actinomyces meyeri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus was misidentified as Arcobacter butzleri). When the same 527-bp DNA sequences of these seven isolates were compared to the known 16S rRNA gene sequences in the GenBank, five yielded the correct identity, with good discrimination between the best and second best match sequences, meaning that the reason for misidentification in these five isolates was due to a lack of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these bacteria in the database of the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA-based bacterial identification system. In conclusion, the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA-based bacterial identification system is useful for identification of most clinically important bacterial strains with ambiguous biochemical profiles, but the database of the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA-based bacterial identification system has to be expanded in order to encompass the rarely encountered bacterial species and achieve better accuracy in bacterial identification.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 12734240
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.5.1996-2001.2003 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2017Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of...
Activity of Pexiganan and 10 Comparator Antimicrobials against 234 Isolates, Including 93 Pasteurella Species and 50 Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Animal Bite Wounds.
Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of physician office visits. Various forms of topical therapy are empirically self-employed by many patients prior to seeking medical attention. Pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic analogue of the peptide magainin II, acts by selectively damaging bacterial cell membranes. We determined the MICs for pexiganan and other antimicrobial agents often used for treatment of bite wounds. Most isolates were from U.S. patients, and ∼10% were from European and Canadian patients. The comparator antimicrobials studied were penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, and metronidazole. The MICs of pexiganan were 32 μg/ml (against subsp. ), 16 μg/ml ( subsp. , , and ), 8 μg/ml (), 8 μg/ml (), 2 μg/ml (, , and group), 16 μg/ml (), 64 μg/ml (), 4 μg/ml (), 32 μg/ml (), and 64 μg/ml (). The concentration of pexiganan in the cream used was 8,000 μg/ml, more than 60 to 100 times the highest MIC obtained. Pexiganan exhibited a broad range of antimicrobial activity, showing potential for treating animal bite infections. A clinical trial seems warranted.
Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bites and Stings; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Fluoroquinolones; Linezolid; Meropenem; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Pasteurella; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillins; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Thienamycins
PubMed: 28373186
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00246-17